# your commit lives in this branch now :) # remove the last commit from the master branch Oh shit, I accidentally committed something to master that should have been on a brand new branch! # create a new branch from the current state of master Stupid commit message formatting requirements. # follow prompts to change the commit message Oh shit, I need to change the message on my last commit! git commit -amend Warning: You should never amend commits that have been pushed up to a public/shared branch! Only amend commits that only exist in your local copy or you're gonna have a bad time. You could also make the change as a new commit and then do rebase -i in order to squash them both together, but this is about a million times faster. and FML, I didn't put a space after an equals sign. This usually happens to me if I commit, then run tests/linters. # now your last commit contains that change! Mega hat tip to the many many many many many people who suggested adding it! Oh shit, I committed and immediately realized I need to make one small change! # make your change You can use this to get back stuff you accidentally deleted, or just to remove some stuff you tried that broke the repo, or to recover after a bad merge, or just to go back to a time when things actually worked. # each one has an index find the one before you broke everything # you will see a list of every thing you've Oh shit, I did something terribly wrong, please tell me git has a magic time machine!?! git reflog So here are some bad situations I've gotten myself into, and how I eventually got myself out of them in plain english. Git documentation has this chicken and egg problem where you can't search for how to get yourself out of a mess, unless you already know the name of the thing you need to know about in order to fix your problem. git rebase: This can be used to navigate back to a specific commit in your history.Git is hard: screwing up is easy, and figuring out how to fix your mistakes is fucking impossible.git revert: This can be used to “undo” a specific commit by creating a new commit overwriting the old one.git reset: Which can be used to move the current tip of a branch to a previous commit and thus reset the branch to a previous state.If you do want to change specific commits you should instead use: Since this command removes the specified commit and creates a new one this affects the commit history and is very likely to cause merge conflicts. Git commit -amend is typically used to change the last commit only. Therefore it is not recommended to use `amend` for commits that have already been pushed to a shared repository as it can cause conflicts with other developers' work. This means that it changes the history of the repository and can make things difficult and messy if the repository has been shared publicly, such as on GitHub, and other developers have built on the previous commit. Git commit -amend works by removing the previous commit and creating a new one. $ git commit -amend -m “New commit message”īe careful when amending public commits To amend the message when no changes are current staged you can run: Changing the commit message can ensure that it accurately describes the previous commit so that others know exactly what the change contains. This can be beneficial when a commit was made too early, a temporary commit message was used, or team conventions weren’t followed in the original message. One way to use the -amend flag is to change the message of the last commit. If you only want to amend files and not the commit message, you can use the -no-edit flag. When using the -amend flag, Git will open your default text editor to allow you to change the commit message. This allows you to change anything in the previous commit, whether that is removing lines from a file, removing a file, or adding a new file. Staging the with the second git add allows the git commit -amend functionality to bundle the second set of changes in with those in the last commit. # edit the file to remove unnecessary code
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